What Is Reactive Arthritis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Reactive arthritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the joints, often triggered by an infection elsewhere in the body. Although the infection is not present in the joint, the body's immune response causes inflammation. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments of reactive arthritis is essential for effectively managing the condition.

What Is Reactive Arthritis?

Reactive arthritis develops due to an infection in another body part, usually in the intestines, genitals, or urinary tract. The exact cause remains unclear, but it is believed the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joints after fighting off the initial infection. According to a population-based study, the condition is relatively rare and affects about 0.6 to 27 per 100,000. This can lead to pain, swelling, and stiffness, especially in the knees, ankles, and feet.

What Are the Reactive Arthritis Symptoms?

Symptoms of reactive arthritis typically appear one to four weeks after an infection. They can vary in severity and may involve different parts of the body. Recognizing the signs can help manage the condition.

• Joint pain and swelling: Commonly affects the knees, ankles, and feet.
• Eye inflammation: Conditions like conjunctivitis or uveitis.
• Urinary problems: Increased frequency or discomfort during urination.
• Inflammation of tendons and ligaments: These are affected particularly in the heels and lower back.
• Morning stiffness: You might experience stiffness in your joints, particularly after waking up. 
• Lower back pain: Low back pain that aggravates during the night or early mornings.
• Skin issues: Rash on the soles of the feet or palms of the hands.

These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may fluctuate over time. Let us discuss what causes this condition. 

What Is Reactive Arthritis Caused By?

While we are still trying to find the exact cause, an infection initiates this condition. The common causes include bacterial and viral infections. The common ones are:

• Bacterial infections: These infections are often related to food poisoning or can be STIs. These include:

• • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Yersinia
  • Campylobacter

• Viral infections: Those causing the flu or other respiratory problems.
• Genetic factors: In some cases, a genetic predisposition to reactive arthritis may be found.

In addition to common causes, some risk factors make an individual more susceptible to getting reactive arthritis. We will see them below.

Who Is at Risk of Reactive Arthritis?

Reactive arthritis can affect anyone. However, Certain factors can increase your risk of developing reactive arthritis. Identifying these risk factors can help in taking preventive measures. The following are some known risks behind reactive arthritis:

• Age: Most common in adults between 20 and 40 years old.
• Biological gender: Men might be more likely to develop reactive arthritis, particularly when triggered by sexually transmitted infections.
• Genetics: A genetic marker called HLA-B27  can make you more prone to reactive arthritis symptoms.
• Ethnicity: It is more common in individuals of European descent.

How to Diagnose Reactive Arthritis?

Diagnosing reactive arthritis involves multiple steps to ensure an accurate understanding of the condition. Early and precise diagnosis can lead to better management and treatment outcomes for this condition. Standard tools that help in diagnosing this condition are:

• Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, recent infections, and family history.
• Physical examination: This will involve checking for joint tenderness, swelling, and signs of eye inflammation or skin problems.
• Laboratory tests: These may include blood tests to look for signs of inflammation and tests to rule out other conditions.
• Imaging tests: X-rays or MRIs may be used to assess the extent of joint damage.

How to Treat Reactive Arthritis?

There is no definite treatment for reactive arthritis symptoms. However, various treatment options are available to help reduce discomfort and improve joint function. Addressing the underlying causes could also aid in treatment. Some options can be:

• Antibiotics: Antibiotics can treat the initial infection.
• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): They help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Corticosteroids: These can help manage severe inflammation.
• Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): DMARDs could be an option in severe cases.
• Physical Therapy: Therapy could assist in maintaining joint function and reducing stiffness.

How to Prevent Reactive Arthritis?

Preventing reactive arthritis involves adopting certain lifestyle habits and seeking timely medical treatment. These preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing the condition.

• Practicing safe intimacy: Using protection to prevent sexually transmitted infections.
• Good hygiene: Ensuring proper food handling and preparation to avoid foodborne infections.
• Prompt treatment: Seeking early treatment for any infections to reduce the risk of reactive arthritis.
• Lifestyle changes: Leading a healthier lifestyle and staying away from addictions could be beneficial in avoiding such conditions.

Practical Management of Reactive Arthritis Symptoms

Reactive arthritis is a rare but painful condition. Viral or bacterial infections may trigger it, leading to several debilitating symptoms. Understanding the symptoms and taking proactive measures may help manage symptoms and prompt treatment. Leading a healthier lifestyle and staying aware could also be useful in avoiding this condition.

Newnan Family Medicine: Immediate and Effective Treatment of Reactive Arthritis

At Newnan Family Medicine, we have a dedicated team of healthcare experts to help manage the symptoms of reactive arthritis. Our comprehensive treatment and complete care will guide you toward a better quality of life. Request an appointment with us today.

FAQs

How long does it take to cure reactive arthritis? 

Reactive arthritis can last from a few months to a year. In some cases, symptoms may become chronic or recurrent.

How serious is reactive arthritis? 

The severity of reactive arthritis varies. While some people experience mild symptoms, others may have severe, long-lasting issues requiring ongoing treatment.

Can food cause reactive arthritis? 

Bacterial infections from contaminated food can trigger reactive arthritis. Proper food hygiene can help reduce this risk.

Can anxiety cause reactive arthritis? 

While anxiety does not directly cause reactive arthritis, stress and anxiety can exacerbate symptoms in those already affected by the condition.